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DDR3 RAM and DDR2 Memory Comparison

DDR3 SDRAM is an improvement over its predecessor, DDR2 SDRAM, and the two are not compatible. The primary benefit of DDR3 is the ability to transfer at twice the data rate of DDR2 (I/O at 8× the data rate of the memory cells it contains), thus enabling higher bus rates and higher peak rates than earlier memory technologies. In addition, the DDR3 standard allows for chip capacities of 512 megabits to 8 gigabits, effectively enabling a maximum memory module size of 16 gigabytes.

Physically, DDR3 memory modules are not much different from DDR2 memory modules. Both have a total of 240 pins on the memory module. The only apparent difference will be the location of grooves on the module. This is done so users will not go wrong installing memory into a personal computer.

Speed and Memory Bandwidth

The main purpose of the DDR3 memory standard is to increase the memory speed and bandwidth in the above specification of the older DDR2. Original DDR memory module (standard) runs between the effective clock speed of 200 and 400MHz. DDR2 Standard double this, ie between 400 and 800MHz. DDR3 is set to two times the speed of DDR2 memory with clock speeds between 800MHz and 1.6GHz.

Although the DDR2 memory standard in real only increased the speed of 800MHz, there are modules that are sold that can run at a speed of 1066MHz. Technically this overclocked modules JEDEC standard modules as the unofficial specifications that support speeds higher than 800MHz. This is often handled by requiring the memory modules that are executed with a higher voltage or different latencies to improve speed.

Lower  Power Consumption

The other major advantage of the new memory standard is a reduction of the voltage used for memory modules. DDR standard modules run at 2.5V original. A significant power reduction that has been created on the 1.8V DDR2 standard. With a lower voltage level, needs less actual power of personal computers to run the memory subsystem. DDR3 look further reduce power usage by dropping the voltage level to the point of 1.5V. This decline also occurred in the standard DDR2 from DDR, but did not reduce overall power consumption.

Increased latency

In order to increase the speed DDR3 memory modules, it should also improve latency modules. Latency is the amount of time needed to process orders the memory modules within a few hours or a command cycle. The higher the latency, the slower memory to process orders.

JEDEC  (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) standard latency typical for DDR2 is 5-5-5-15. JEDEC standard latencies for the newer DDR3 memory are 7-7-7-15. Even with the increase in latency for DDR3 memory, a higher clock speed allows the memory still has a greater bandwidth than the old standard. This causes the DDR3 memory running at 800MHz to be slightly slower than DDR2 memory which is also running at 800MHz. Real benefits obtained from a clock speed higher than this standard.

Another thing related to the latency that must be considered is that this is standard. As manufacturers increase the memory module, the module will be run at lower latencies than JEDEC specifications. It is possible to find a faster DDR2 memory at the present rate 5-5-5-15. This will take some time for DDR3 to get below the JEDEC latencies.

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How To Clone A Hard Drive In Windows

Cloning hard drive is a process in which all files and programs  from  a computer hard drive are copied to another . This an alternative to running a new instance of operating system installation and installing software on the new disk one by one . Suppose you wish to clone hard disk A that has already contained an operating system and programs to an empty  drive B with no  installed OS or program.  You can do this by cloning hard drive.

This method is often used by computer  owners who have just bought a new computer  or those having a network of more than one computers. By performing hard drive cloning you don’t need to install operating system or install each program one by one on a new hard drive thus you can save time  and energy.
You can use cloning software available on the market such as DriveImage XML (DIX), Norton Ghost etc to do the job of transferring all files and program from one computer to another. But for Windows users who have been  accustomed to and familiar with Windows Explorer, this whole process can actually  be performed using Windows Explorer. This however should be done with extra care since the whole processes are done in exact sequence, though  not take as much time as installing new operating system.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to clone a hard drive using Windows Explorer  Menu :

  1. Format and partition the new hard drive. First of all, you need to create  partition and format the hard drive which is a mandatory before using a new hard drive.
  2. Set  hard drive status. Hard drives  that will be copied  (source hard drive ) and a new target hard drive  must both be readable by the computer. You need to adjust the jumper settings located on the back of both hard drives or you can do that by connecting both hard drives with the computer mainboard. Hard drive Source will then act as  master hard drive while the new hard drive will act as slave hard drive (target hard drive)
  3. Hard Drive Cloning process.

After you complete the two steps above you can no proceed to the main job of cloning the hard drive.

  1. Start Windows Explorer.
    Go to Windows explorer and Show all hidden files by clicking the Tools menu and select Folder Options, and then click on the View button. Check  the Show hidden files  and folders option, then click the Apply button, then click the OK button.
  2. Select all the files and the entire folders on your source  hard drive except the Windows folder. Then click the Copy option on the Edit Menubar.
    Click the Paste option on the menubar Edit on the  second target hard drive then  create new folders in the root directory and rename it with “Windows”
  3. Click the Windows folder on the source hard disk then select all files and all folders except Win386.swp file.
    Then click the Copy option on the Edit menubar.
  4. Click the Paste option on the menubar on Edit to the Windows folder on the   target hard drive

Alternatively you can use the following a  quite easy method using Windows built-in command.

  1. Install Windows and all the  programs you wish to clone  on  the hard drive that will be used as source drive  and put it on the Primary IDE Master.
    Boot your computer  from the mater hard drive carriers, make sure you have configured the new  hard drive as IDE Slave
  2. Go to  Windows command prompt  by clicking Start> Run > CMD (In Windows XP)
  3. Perform quick formatting of the new hard disk by typing following command format d: / q / u
    When finished, exit the windows directory then press enter
    Type  the following command: xcopy / h / e / r / y / s / c / kc: d: press
  4. Enter to start the hard drive cloning process.

This way, we will  get a clone of  hard drive which contains  exactly the same content as  the original  hard drive.

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